Birch sap benefits for face

Birch sap benefits for face. Birch can be used in several ways: Tea. Therefore, birch leaf infusion is very beneficial in stomach ulcers with bleeding. This sap is rich in minerals, trace elements and vitamins of the B group. This article delves into sap production influenced by environmental factors, highlighting its significance for wildlife and ecosystems. Jun 11, 2024 · Birch sap was used by pioneers in North America as a springtime tonic, a gargle for sore throats, and a wash for skin conditions. Learn about the sweet, nutrient-rich sap harvested in spring, its culinary uses, and the types of birch trees that produce it. Its detoxifying properties aid in purifying the bloodstream, which in turn results in clearer, more radiant skin. Depending on the region, climate conditions can limit the birch sap production. Cosrx, Oil-Free Ultra-Moisturizing Lotion, with Birch Sap SGD 25. This lotion contains 70% white birch sap, replacing water as a base, which is fantastic since birch sap has properties that can benefit the skin a lot more compared to water. Birch water’s impact on skin health is multifaceted, addressing issues from the inside out. It is believed that the name “Birch” comes from the Indo-European word “bhereo”which means glossy white. Birch leaves have hemostatic properties. Current applications for birch do not differ much from traditional uses, except new implications that support birch promotes healthy cell growth. Birch sap has long been purported to have many health-giving benefits, including being helpful for the kidneys and bladder, for rheumatism, and was considered a general tonic. In fact, birch juice sap is able to mimic your skin’s natural NMF (natural moisturizing factor). Key Ingredient: Contains 70% of natural willow bark water (birch sap) which is effective for moisture restoration and maintaining of skin hydration level. Thus the composition of this spring elixir allows beneficial effects on our health. Dec 4, 2022 · Birch juice sap contains 11 different amino acids, sugars, and minerals, which enable this ingredient to provide excellent moisturizing effects. Jun 12, 2022 · Birch juice extract, commonly known as birch tree sap or birch tree water, is extracted from the beautiful white and black birch trees in the same manner as maple syrup is derived from maple trees. It is also possible to make a cure of birch sap. Sap. It helps improve product application. Decreases Cavities. Birch sap is touted for its potential benefits for skin health and complexion, often credited to its detoxifying properties and mineral content. Birch essential oil supports skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. - Birch Tree Sap nourishes skin by decreasing inflammation, purifies and hydrates with its extensive minerals, enzymes, proteins and antioxidants. If you are allergic to birch pollen, you should avoid the intake of birch water. It gently nourishes parched skin that’s been dried out by busy lifestyles and changing seasons. - A hydrating sunscreen that does double duty as a moisturizer, for all skin types. Mar 25, 2020 · Everybody has heard of tapping maple trees for syrup. One of the famous benefits of birch sap is that it contains high levels of xylitol, which is a natural sugar alcohol that has been shown to have dental benefits. Instead of water, it has birch sap as its primary ingredient. For hair care, birch oil can be used to combat dandruff and promote hair Has moisturising and soothing benefits to the skin. Unlike traditional sport drinks or coconut water birch water doesn't contain any preservatives or artificial flavors. The longer the spring season Estonian Birch Sap Association. Jan 19, 2024 · Benefits of Birch Sap for Skin Care. Birch sap is also a great replacement for water in skincare. Tea is made from the young shoots and dried leaves. Birch trees are native to the Northern Hemisphere and are abundant in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. Overall, Butylene Glycol is a safe and well-rounded ingredient. - Amino acids, minerals and Birch Sap vitamins form a moisture-packed barrier to protect skin from drying and prevent loss of hydration. In addition, birch also has numerous health and skin-friendly benefits. The trees are tapped to extract the tree’s liquid. Has a light brightening effect, reduces puffiness and also a great overnight treatment. A decoction is made from the bark which is fitting when taken 2 tablespoons at a time and powder from the bark is good against weakness, fatigue and loss of appetite. Perfect for dull skin, white birch sap is chock-full of vitamin C, which leads Dec 17, 2020 · The condition of the skin improves, and the skin softens. Birch tree sap is known to improve skin elasticity, reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and promote a healthy, youthful complexion. Its astringent properties see it used in a variety of skincare products, as it can help to tighten the skin and reduce the appearance of wrinkles. Mixing birch sap with honey can create a moisturizing treatment for dry skin. The Sap or Water 1) It offers amazing dental benefits. Explore the historical and modern uses of birch sap in beverages, health products, and woodworking. First of all, it helps to reduce inflammation and soothe irritated skin. 11. The benefits of birch products in skincare have been studied, and while these studies were performed in labs and not on real people, there are promising results. Birch sap: A natural elixir for the skin 1. Valjo Liivamägi, an innovative farmer and logistics specialist has been drinking birch sap for years, a positive experience that has had health benefits. Birch water is enjoyed daily part of wellness and longevity lifestyle Jan 8, 2015 · The thin, watery sap has the potential to takeover coconut water, since it contains naturally occurring nutrients, which can help aid a range of ailments. The weightless subtle lotio The birch tree bark extract betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol are used as an ingredient in cosmetology for skin and hair care. Applying birch sap topically may improve skin texture, providing a natural glow. It is a great ingredient for preserving skin moisture, enhancing skin elasticity, and encouraging a supple complexion because of its hydrating qualities. You can collect fresh leaves and twigs from a Mar 15, 2024 · White birch sap can inhibit melanin content and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish larvae and B16F10 cells. Bark is not the only part of the birch that is useful for skin. However, birch juice wasn’t harvested at first as a beauty product—it was (and still is) consumed as a health tonic in parts of Europe , especially in the Nordic regions. It can help to reduce plaque and prevent cavities. Potential Side Effects Of Birch Water. Although Native Americans did not produce extractions as sophisticated as the modern ones currently used in research, they were still able to take advantage of the skin-healing properties of May 29, 2024 · This also enhances the absorption of the product into one's skin. Aug 14, 2023 · Well now you know why Koreans swear by Birch Juice for glowing skin. Sep 22, 2023 · Birch tree water can be used to remove toxins from the skin to reveal brighter and clearer skin. Aug 21, 2023 · What Is Birch Sap? Birch sap is a clear liquid that can be extracted or tapped from birch trees. Mar 24, 2023 · However, the clinical application of birch juice for repairing sensitive skin has not been reported. The bark of the birch tree contains various compounds that may have health benefits. oz (80ml) A moisturizing soothing gel that provides skin with deep hydration, cooling skin temperature, and instant radiance. Here are some ways it can promote skin health: Soothes Skin Irritation: Birch essential oil has anti-inflammatory properties that can help calm irritated And the benefits were beyond doubt—it’s brimming with vitamins B6 and B12, great for shiny skin and hair, and it’s a wonderful thirst quencher, too. • White birch sap has been shown to have ideal biocompatibility and low irritation through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Jun 13, 2023 · Additionally, it aids in weight loss by reducing water retention and targeting stubborn cellulite, particularly in the thigh and buttock areas. This helps improve moisture retention, as well as maintain a positive oil-moisture balance in the skin. In vitro studies have demonstrated that application of birch to skin appears to stimulate fibroblast production. 7 fl. Once you have your sap, it won’t stay fresh long, there are a few ways you can use it – drinking it ‘neat’ as a tonic, reducing it down to make birch sap syrup or alternatively – making birch sap wine. Fast and Smooth Absorption: Gone are the days when the lotion just sits on your skin with no benefits! This lotion instantly penetrates the skin leaving it fresh, soft, and silky smooth. Detoxifying property of birch sap. Apr 10, 2023 · Per the brand and one research study, birch sap has purported benefits of preventing moisture loss from the skin and keeping skin looking pump and rejuvenated. The COSRX Oil-Free Ultra-Moisturizing Lotion with Birch Sap is a weightless subtle lotion with skin-friendly ingredients. Oct 19, 2022 · One study done on people with birch-pollen allergies discovered that 39% of the adult participants tested positive for birch sap when they were given a skin scratch test. May 5, 2014 · For the thin skin of elderly, birch is given to prevent injuries and keep the skin toned. Mar 4, 2021 · Health benefits of birch sap. With over 60% birch sap, you get maximum benefits and pure, effective hydration. March is the time of the year when birch sap, also known as birch juice or birch water, is collected. Chang explains that in the Nordics, birch sap has traditionally been used topically to heal skin ailments. 91, COSRX. Jul 13, 2017 · When it comes to skin care, both the tree sap (aka birch water) and the leaves are valuable, in particular for their ability to reduce inflammation, purify, and hydrate skin. It allows draining the kidneys, the liver, the lungs, the skin and the blood. Obtained through a process similar to tapping maple syrup, this sap has been used in traditional medicine for ages. Uses of Birch. But did you know you can also tap birch trees? Although maples trees were first tapped in North America, Nordic people have drunk birch water for thousands of years, making birch beer, kvass (a fermented beverage made using rye bread and birch syrup as a sugar) and syrup (Adamant, 2018). Jan 1, 2015 · In an artificially damaged skin barrier, a comparable or even superior effect of the birch bark cream with respect to improvement in stratum corneum hydration, reduction of TEWL and skin erythema as opposed to ‘hydrophilic cream NRF’ (consisting of nonionic emulsifying alcohols, 2-ethylhexyllauromyristate, glycerol, potassium sorbate Gray birch was used by the Maliseet and Mi’kmaq for infected cuts, and powdered wood from the downy birch was used by the Cree to treat chafed skin (4). Oct 11, 2023 · A biodegradable sheet mask that is pre-soaked in serum containing 3% birch juice, sea buckthorn, glycerin, damask rose oil, passionflower and castor seed oil is the best bet if you want to detox Dec 29, 2019 · “Birch tree has strengthening, diuretic, blood cleansing and astringent powers. For hundreds of years, birch tree water has been consumed as a traditional beverage in parts of the Northern hemisphere, including Northern European countries as well as parts of Northern China and Japan (). When fresh, it is a clear and uncoloured liquid, often Feb 4, 2016 · Birch Sap. What makes birch water appealing to sustainable skincare enthusiasts is that it's packed with a variety of essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids The benefits of birch products in skincare. Full of vitamins and antioxidants, that effectively calm and treat irritated skin. Nearly every single part of the tree has been used for thousands of years for various purposes from boat building to medicinal remedies. To prepare this remedy, add a tablespoon of chopped birch leaves to half a liter (2 cups) of boiling water. The leaves, twigs, and bark can all be utilized for everyday ailments like aches and pains or to cleanse skin. Birch tea can be made by steeping dried leaves or bark in hot water for about 10-15 minutes. Birch essential oil is a natural remedy that offers numerous benefits for your skin. Birch sap is rich in vitamins and antioxidants and is deeply nourishing to the skin. Picture 2/5 . Collecting birch sap to make Byarozavik, which means “birch tree water” in Slavic, is similar to making maple syrup. At Sap Skin, our Hydrate & Repair Serum contains zero water. Dec 13, 2021 · You can experience the potential benefits of birch in several ways: Tea: Steep dried leaves in hot water. This is a lightweight gel-texture moisturizer that claims to be suitable for a wide range of skin types from oily, dry, to sensitive in need of hydration with the benefits of birch sap as the main About reviewer ( 43 reviews ) Jun 30, 2023 · Popular natural ingredients used in Scandinavian skincare include birch sap, which is rich in antioxidants and known to boost hydration and protect the skin against environmental damage. Experience tighter, more supple skin with the regular use of birch sap. It’s rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that help nourish and rejuvenate the skin. This lightweight lotion absorbs quickly and features tons of skin-soothing benefits. It’s also known as birch tree water, birch juice, and birch syrup. If you love making healthy teas from medicinal plants, you need to try birch tea! Try this traditional and tasty birch leaf tea or birch bark tea made from birch trees you can forage all year round. Jul 25, 2024 · Birch sap also possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which may soothe irritated skin and promote healing. The bark, leaves, sap and buds of birch all have medicinal benefits. Birch sap, extracted from the Betula genus of trees, has been traditionally valued for its medicinal properties and is gaining recognition in contemporary skincare for its potential benefits to skin health. Its astringent properties help tone the skin, giving it a firmer appearance. Different species of birch trees, including silver birch and white birch, yield this precious elixir Nov 14, 2023 · Last Updated on November 14, 2023. History and traditional use of birch sap Birch sap has been used for centuries in various cultures for its health and beauty benefits. It also has hydrating properties that help to plump up your skin and restore dull or dry patches. Modern science has recognized some of tea’s traditional health benefits. Benefits of this natural sports drink start with electrolytes to keep your body going, says a dietitian at Cleveland Clinic. Worth sharing, he decided. Jul 22, 2023 · DIY hydrating eye cream for sensitive skin is perfect for the skin around the eyes, antiaging and wrinkles. He saw a solution in cooperation. Birch sap is classified as a spring elixir. It is a powerful antioxidant that is vitamin and mineral rich, and it has been used for generations for its strengthening, diuretic, and cleansing effects. Size: 2. Extraction of birch sap. Birch tree sap is praised in Korean beauty for its ability to soothe inflammation, purify, and moisturise skin. Effectively combats dandruff and reduces hair loss. Uncover the deep connections between nature and human Feb 24, 2023 · Nordic Beauty Birch Sap comes from our own forests and can be classified as “Millésime”, like wines. #6 FACT: Birch sap for oily skin is a miracle worker. com Nov 20, 2023 · Hydration Powerhouse: Birch sap has a high concentration of water, electrolytes, minerals, sugars, amino acids, and vitamins, including vitamin C. Birch Tree Sap nourishes skin by decreasing inflammation, purifies and hydrates with its extensive minerals, enzymes, proteins and antioxidants. It’s time to tap the sap and taste the five sweet benefits of birch tree sap: 1. The anti-inflammatory properties of birch trees can also help in relieving discomfort and pain associated with insect bites, sunburns, and minor skin injuries. Silver Birch Boucha Tea; Herbal Medicine Uses Of Birch. It's no secret why TikTokers rave Jul 13, 2022 · This article explores the benefits of birch sap in depth, focusing on its nourishing and revitalizing properties. Birch is used for joint pain, kidney stones, bladder stones, urinary Silver birch leaves are said to contain vitamin C, flavonoids, tannins and other plant constituents. Size:1. Nov 2, 2023 · To improve the health of your skin, you can incorporate birch essential oil into your skincare routine. Jun 8, 2022 · Birch Sap: A Natural Elixir for Skin Health. No fillers, just potent Sep 30, 2020 · In addition to Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice, this moisturizer also contains ():Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Betaine, Cetearyl Alcohol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Cetearyl Olivate, Sorbitan Olivate, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Ethylhexylglycerin, Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Peel Oil, Allantoin, Panthenol, Xanthan Gum, Sodium Lactate, Sodium Mar 23, 2022 · 1. May 22, 2022 · What is birch sap ? Birch sap, also called "Birch juice" or "Birch water" is the substrate that allows the tree to feed itself and protect itself from diseases. Learn how to make homemade eye cream with natural materials. The sap also promotes healthy hair development and guards against balding. It is tapped during the early spring, when the trees are in their active growth phase. See full list on healthline. The sap’s diuretic properties help flush out toxins from the body, which can lead to clearer, healthier skin. The ingredients in this lightweight moisturizing recipe include birch sap, nourishing oils and vitamin E. Birch are trees that are native to Europe and parts of Asia. Jan 7, 2024 · What is Birch Tree Sap? Birch tree sap is the nutrient-rich liquid that flows through birch trees during early spring. It is known as a natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, improves atopic dermatitis/eczema conditions of the skin, eliminates symptom of severe itching, stimulates collagen and elastin in the skin (lifting effect, anti-wrinkle effect). It’s also incredibly hydrating, and its molecules are very tiny, allowing the skin to better absorb it. Oct 15, 2023 · The ROUND LAB Birch Juice Moisturising Sun Cream is one of the current K-beauty sunscreens in my arsenal so I thought I would share my thoughts. Tinctures or extracts: Find reputable sources for these concentrated forms. Aug 24, 2024 · Discover the fascinating reasons behind why birch trees drip water and their vital ecological role. Birch sap is an excellent natural ingredient for skincare products due to its many benefits: Hydration and Moisture Retention: Birch sap acts as a natural humectant, attracting and retaining moisture in the skin. In a study, the allergic reaction of birch sap was tested during a skin scratch test. Birch sap: If available, consume or make birch sap syrup. I. Birch sap may be consumed both fresh and naturally fermented. Bjork & Berries Birch Recovery Face Mar 26, 2017 · Is Birch sap good for skin? Birch sap contains anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and astringent properties making it a valuable substance for the skin. 69 fl. Jul 14, 2017 · Birch sap skin benefits Picture 1/5 . Birch sap, birch water or birch juice is the sap directly tapped from birch trees, Betula pubescens (white birch), Betula pendula (silver birch), Betula lenta, Betula papyrifera, and Betula fontinalis. Diluting birch oil with a carrier oil and applying it to the skin can rejuvenate dull or aged skin. This is the most popular sunscreen at the moment in Korea and has won a number of awards, so I had to buy it off Amazon and see what […] May 10, 2023 · Birch sap goes by a few different names, too—it’s called birch water or birch juice, depending on where you are in the world. It can 4. Moisture lock: Vita Hyaluronic Acid forms a moisture defense barrier to seal in moisture. Unlock the Hair Benefits of Birch Water. It is unlikely to irritate skin, and works well with pretty much all other ingredients. From adding a birch In case of water retention and joint pain, birch was prescribed to alleviate suffering in patients: it helped them get rid of excess fluids. oz (50ml) May 3, 2018 · The best time to harvest the sap is in the month before the leaves appear, generally starting around the second week of March. • Betula Platyphylla Japonica Juice (Birch sap juice)/ Birch juice extract- may offer anti-inflammatory benefits to the skin. Jan 27, 2020 · A study showed that birch sap is used in hair conditioner for lustrous hair . Data on birch juice extract in dermatology is currently very limited May 20, 2020 · Birch juice—also referred to as betula platyphylla japonica juice, birch tree sap or birch tree water—is extracted from birch trees in the same Joining the ranks of snail mucin and centella asiatica, another ingredient you might have spotted in many Korean skin care products is birch juice! Jun 22, 2023 · Well, birch tree water or birch sap has a number 7 Amazing Benefits of Birch Juice for Skin - Korean Skincare Online Birch juice benefits skin in countless way. Learn to know them, respect doses when using them, and you’ll benefits from the help they share. Every part of this waste-not, want-not tree can be used: • Leaves to make birch juice • Sap (or water) for active ingredient-packed oral solutions • Buds to make a concentrated macerate or essential oils 6 days ago · For plump and healthy-looking skin without any added shine, check out COSRX Oil-Free Ultra-Moisturizing Lotion. birch sap skin benefits? Birch sap is taken from trees in early spring, just when the trees are waking up after the winter. Birch Recipes. Used since ancient times, Finnish birch sap is rich in minerals, amino acids and hydrating sugars. ( 29 ) This is why anyone who is allergic to birch pollen should be careful when consuming birch water. Other popular natural ingredients include Nordic berries such as lingonberries and blueberries, which are packed with vitamins and minerals, and sea buckthorn Oct 7, 2020 · In every form, birch makes an excellent tonic and detoxifier, mainly working on the urinary system to remove waste products, as in kidney or bladder stone, gravel, gout, and rheumatism. Mr. Oil. It is believed that it helps with detox, improves the immune system and metabolism, clears kidneys, removes calcium deposits from joints and provides many other health benefits. It contains a number of amino acids as well as natural antioxidants and nutrients that are great for the skin. Stomach Ulcer. One Estonian farm is not big enough to produce the volume that fulfils market needs. . #5 FACT: Birch Juice was once only consumed in the form of syrup, beer, and wine. Oct 29, 2021 · Maple water is a pasteurized version of sap from maple trees. Birch sap can be harvested and consumed directly or used to make syrups and wine Birch tree sap health benefits. Dec 16, 2018 · Some of the popular common names of the plants are Silver Birch, European white birch, Common Birch, Warty Birch, European White Birch, East Asian white birch, bed wen, birk tree, lady birch, lady of the woods and weeping birch. Birch water is all natural plant based beverage containing electrolytes, and over 100 other bio-active nutrients while low in sodium and carbs. When we say birch juice extract, we’re talking about this tree-to-cup, water-like substance, and it is a dream ingredient for your skin! Birch juice’s benefits: As mentioned, birch juice is chock-full in skin-loving nutrients. It provides many health benefits. Oct 11, 2023 · Birch tree sap has been used for centuries in skincare due to its numerous benefits. ” With its supply of vitamin C, birch sap is said to speed up cell division dramatically, helping skin renew itself faster. Thus, this study used multidimensional methods to evaluate the repair effect of a moisturizing spray containing natural birch sap on sensitive skin and compared it with commercially available sprays. “Birch sap has a very specific taste Birch bark tea is a type of herbal tea made from the bark of the birch tree. Benefits: Rich in minerals and amino acids ; Naturally hydrating ; 100% organic What is “Birch Water”? Birch water, also called birch tree water, is a beverage traditional to peoples living in the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Daily moisturizer for all skin type and all situation! **Ingredient change:The scent may be different as it has been reformulated. The consumption of birch water can help you maintain good oral health due to xylitol. Topical application: Use salves, creams, or oils made from birch. Birch trees are quick to grow and suited to all soil types. The leaves, bark, and buds of the tree are used to make medicine. It also works as an anti-inflammatory, helping reduce redness and irritation. It provides several skincare benefits. The juice is a good source of trace minerals like manganese as well as various amino acids, all of which make it a good natural hydrator for skin--but more research is needed before we have a complete understanding of how the various nutrients in birch juice benefit skin (or when the juice is consumed, as birch sap has seemingly replaced Jul 18, 2023 · Birch water, also known as birch sap, is a clear liquid that flows through birch trees. Fragrance ingredients have been excluded and 4-Terpineol which is the main component of the tea tree has been added to reduce skin reactions and soothe the skin. Aug 20, 2024 · Discover the fascinating world of birch trees and their sap! This article explores the unique traits of birch trees, their rapid growth, and their essential role in ecosystems. It is a humectant, which means that it helps attract moisture into the skin. Some winters can be colder than others, and this has an effect to the quality of birch sap and especially to the quantity of it. The alterative/depurative actions of the sap will benefit skin conditions by taking the burden of elimination off the skin, allowing liver and kidneys to take up the charge. Health Benefits of Birch Tree Compounds Birch and Unhealthy Cell Growth What is “Birch Water”? Birch water, also called birch tree water, is a beverage traditional to peoples living in the Baltic nations of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. You can use birch sap in homemade face masks or creams. • White birch sap is a potential skin whitening agent in the cosmetic industry. Birch is used for joint pain, kidney stones, bladder stones, urinary Jun 15, 2024 · Skin and Hair Care. Suitable for teens, men, 20s, 40s - Amino acids, minerals and Birch Sap vitamins form a moisture-packed barrier to protect skin from drying and prevent loss of hydration. Birch sap is a great ally for a detox program. It helps flush out toxins from the body and detoxifies the skin thanks to its powerful purifying and antioxidant properties. Uncover the ecological significance of birch sap, supporting soil health and wildlife, and Birch trees are graceful, quick-growing trees with beautiful bark that often peels off in sections. Birch health benefits. Oct 17, 2023 · When applied topically, birch bark extract can soothe irritated skin, reduce redness, and minimize swelling caused by inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne. My face didn’t feel sticky but smooth and soft after applying this which was a bonus. Jan 1, 2015 · In an artificially damaged skin barrier, a comparable or even superior effect of the birch bark cream with respect to improvement in stratum corneum hydration, reduction of TEWL and skin erythema as opposed to ‘hydrophilic cream NRF’ (consisting of nonionic emulsifying alcohols, 2-ethylhexyllauromyristate, glycerol, potassium sorbate, citric acid and water) was seen. Skin Health. Birch essential oil, derived from the bark, can be used topically for skin issues and pain relief. Sep 5, 2023 · Birch sap extract offers many potential benefits for the skin. Benefits: Rich in minerals and amino acids ; Naturally hydrating ; 100% organic May 28, 2024 · In addition to its ability to treat skin conditions like eczema, the skin boosting properties of birch tar essential oil also extend to everyday use. apwir jumhc jjegxe jfvk zbq uaw wrddx fyx mcam cpq